情狀受知動詞 Stative Verb 不接 ing or 習慣 would

stative verb 不接進行式。包括了情狀受知四種。

  • 情緒(emotion)。例如 like, love, dislike, hate, prefer, want。
  • 狀態(status)。例如 be, have(擁有)。
  • 感受(perception)。例如 taste, smell, hear, sound, feel, look。
  • 認知(cognitive)。例如 see, know, understand, remember, believe, think, seem, agree, disagree。

情狀受知動詞不接進行式,因為概念上會很怪。例如 I’m having a car. 我正在擁有一台車 => 語義錯誤。然而,還是可以搭配 start/begin/try 來描述正開始慢慢地開始形成一種狀態、情緒、認知或感受。例如 I begin to like hamburgers. I start believing in God. I’m trying to have a car.

would 描述現況反轉的習慣。例如 When I was a teenager, I would wake up late every day. 本句描述過去會晚起,並暗示現況反轉了,不會再晚起。特別注意,強調重覆發生的 would 不可接 stative verb。若遇到的話,應使用強調狀態的 used to 來接 stative verb。例如 When I was a teenager, I would be overweight. => (X) When I was a teenager, I used to be overweight. => (O) 。

特殊的 stative verb

  • He is mean. 本句 is = 是,這個描述狀態的字不可 ing。
  • Why are you being mean today? 本句這裡的 being = becoming,這個動作可以 ing。
  • I have a dog. 本句 have = 擁有,這個描述狀態的字不可 ing。
  • I’m having a wonderful day. 本句 have = experience(體驗),這個動作可以 ing。
  • He looks old. 本句 look = 看起來老,這個描述感受的字不可 ing
  • He is looking at the sea. 本句 look = 用眼睛看,這個動作可以 ing。
  • I see why people do that. 本句 see = 明白。這個描述認知的字不可 ing。
  • I am seeing the doctor. 本句 see = 拜訪,這個動作可以 ing。
  • I think doing it would be good. 本句 think = 認為它好,這個描述認知的字不可 ing
  • I’m thinking about/of doing it today. 本句 think about/of = 考慮,這個動作可以 ing。
  • From the look of it, it taste like lemon. 本句 taste = 嘗起來像。描述感受的字不可 ing。
  • They are tasting the new cake. 本句 taste = 品嘗。這個動作可以 ing。

課後練習