before, after 是不包含某時間點的。若要包含某時間點,就使用 by = no later than 以及 from… onwards = no earlier than。例如 From 11th century onwards, … 是包含 11 世紀的。然而,若是 after 11th century,那 11 世紀是不算的。
Time + Before, After + Sentence
the night before sth
two nights before (省略時間點
the morning after sth
years after (省略時間點
Next, Previous
the next time
the previous time
Prior, Subsequent
prior to 在…之前
prior 形容詞用法(在先的)
subsequent to 在…之後(veterinary = vet
subsequent 形容詞用法(隨後的)
Later, Earlier
a few minutes later 幾分鐘後(以原本在談的事件發生時間起算
a few days earlier 幾天前( 這裡的 on Christmas eve 只是一個補充,不是時間基準點
much later than thought
weeks earlier than expected
earlier in 在…的早期
later in 在…的晚期