為了讓作文看起來更可靠，通常會將批判的意見納入論說文章的最後一個 body paragraph。常見寫法會針對相反意見（counterargument）來做讓步（concession）然後反駁（rebuttal）。常見的用語如下：
Counterargument
- Yet some readers may challenge the view that….
- Some or Many (people) say/argue/believe/
- Others / Opponents / Critics point out…
- A common argument/opinion against this position indicates….
- A strong counterargument/counterclaim says
Concession
Admittedly/Undeniably, it maybe true that, In fact, they’re probably right, an understandable concern,
Rebuttal: However/Nonetheless, Yet, in reality, Although/while it is true + the evidence disproves, the exception to the rule, it is not important/necessary
上面的影片簡捷地描述了 rebuttal paragraph 的使用狀況。
上面的影片分析了真實文章中 rebuttal paragraph 的寫法。
上面的影片深入解釋 rebuttal 的注意事項：壹、counter too much 對反方意見做過多展開。貳、strawman fallacy 沒有針對 counterclaim 進行討論。
更多練習影片
Counterargument and Refutation Argumentative Essay English Writing Skills
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上面的影片的題目提到 weaker 的概念。其中，制服的議題講者利用「其他做法」來refute counterargument and make it weaker。