TOEFL Writing Template

筆者相當喜歡英語的 Academic Writing 寫作，其基本概念是要讓所有上大學的學生都按同一個相似的模版去寫作，以利於知識的流通。這一點與國內的語言教育想法相差甚遠，私以為把語言視為溝通工具，從小教學生寫 Academic Writing 模版，正是造就美國實用主義精神，使其強大的教育祕方！筆者推荐的影片是目前 YT 上能找到最完整，且帶有各種實例的 Academic Writing 寫作模版教學。

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作文的 opening 有四個結構：hook, background, thesis, table of contents. 在托福寫作時，則僅需要專注在 background + thesis。

Thesis

香香蕉，最棒的語言學習體驗(ง •̀_•́)ง

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TOEFL integrated Writing

托福寫作的第一種題型為閱讀一篇文章後加上一篇聽力，考生需寫一篇150~225字的文章來總結聽力對文章的質疑或支持論點。簡單的模版如下：

Opening

The reading and the lecture are both about laser eye surgery. While the article claims that there are many problems when it comes to laser eye surgery, the lecturer disagrees.
While the article identifies/recognize? three problems caused by laser eye surgery, the lecturer disagrees.

Positioning

disagree; challenge; oppose to; dispute (only opinion); rebut (middle); refute (evidence proof); acknowledge (承認、讓步用法）;
Agree; support; concur with; approve of; likes the idea;

Opening: The reading and the lecture are both about __.
Intro: While the article claims that __, the lecturer; speaker disagrees.
Thesis: He takes the stance that __.
Topic Sentence of Article: According to the reading __.
Elaboration: The article mentions __.
Topic Sentence of Speaker: However, the lecturer disagrees. points out;
Elaboration:

Intro:

contends that _, such as .

Topic Sentence of Article

According to the article __.
Secondly, the author suggests __.
Another claim of the reading is that __.
Finally / Lastly, the author puts forth the idea that __.

Topic Sentence of Speaker

However, the speaker challenges this idea, saying that
This statement, from the viewpoint of the speaker, simply does not hold water.
,which is challenged by the lecturer.
;
However, the lecturer points out; argues; claims; asserts that __.

Think Paraphrasing

Description: say; state; note; point out; indicate; mention; explain; adding + that
Opinion: Think; would say; It is better; had better; consider; view; recognize;
Guessing: suppose; speculate; suspect; doubt; presume; assume

Thought Paraphrasing

statement; argument; claim; assertion;
theory; reasoning; hypothesis; presumption; assumption;